weston



(No Model. I 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. E. WESTON.

ELECTRIC LAMP FIXTURE.

No. 311,398. Patented Jan.27.1885.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

E. WESTON.

ELECTRIC LAMP FIXTURE. No. 311,398. Patented Jan.27,1885.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

EDWARD \VESTON, OF NEVARK, NEXV JERSEY.

ELECTRIC-LAMP FIXTURE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 311,398, dated January 27, 1885.

Application filed May 5, 1984.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, EDWARD NVEs'roN, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, and a resident of Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain In other applications filed by me I have shown and described a system of electric lighting which may be thus briefly described: In cross or multiple circuits between two main con ductors a given number of-incandescent lamps are arranged in series. \Vith each lamp is as sociated a manual switch and an automatic switch, for convenience designated a cutout, which is brought into operation when the lamp is extinguished,either bythe destruction of the carbon or by a movement of the manual switch. The operation of the cut-out brings in a shunt-circuit around the lamp, including a resistance equal to that of the lamp.

2 5 There is also with each lamp-circuit a supplemental crosscircuit of hi gh resistance, containing. an electromagnetic switch that interrupts the lamp-circuit when all the lamps therein have been extinguished and the breaks in the 7 3O supplemental circuit, which occu r ateach lamp,

have been closed by the withdrawal of the lamps. In this system ,thelamps from time to time must be renewed, while the switches, re

sistances, and other parts are permanent 3 5 tures. To adapt the system, therefore, to practical use and to facilitate the renewal of lamps without disturbing or altering the other parts, I provide fixtures or casings to be permanently secured in any desired position, and in them 40 I arrange the devices named, adjusted and connected up ready for operation, and I provide means by which the lamps may be secured to or removed from the same. These casings are constructed in such manner as to form an ornamental fixture and to occupy as little space as practicable. In some cases I utilize portions of the casings as a reflector for the light, and in other respects I have adapt ed them to the purpose by using certain novel features of construction, the nature of which will be more fully hereinafter set forth.

(No model.)

In the accompanying drawings a convenient and practicable embodiment of the main features of my invention is illustrated.

Figure l is a vertical central section of the fixture or casing with a lamp attached. Fig. 2 is a horizontal sect-ion on line 00 x of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a diagram oft-he circuits and devices employed therewith.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

A is a cylindrical case or box covered by a cap, B, the two being connected together in any desired manner. This constitutes the upper portion of the fixture, the lower portion being formed as a reflector by the coneshaped sheets or plates 0 D, the former of paper or metal and secured to the case A, the latter of silvered glass, polished metal, or the like, secured to the under side of a block, E,

inserted in the bottom of the case A.

In the space between the two sheets 0 D, I place the coils of an ordinary resistance, and in order to bring as great a length of wire into as smalla space as possible and at the same time obtain aproper ventilation of the coils, I wind the wire spirally on narrow wooden strips o (1.. These strips are then placed side by side in the casing, one end of each being inserted in a recess out in the block E,and the other secured to a metal band, F, that rests in the ledge formed by turning up the edge of the inner sheet, D, The other sheet,O, is bent downward to form a cover that incloses the resistance-coils,with the exception of a narrow space or opening around the edge of the sheet I). The block E contains a number of notches or perforations, c c, that open into the upper portion of the case, between which and the cap or cover B there should be also an opening, as at 0. By this means, when the air around the coils is heated, either by the coils themselves or by thelamp,a free circulation is started, that, introducing cool air, prevents overheating of the resistance. \Vithin the upper portion of the case I place the cut-out and the switch above referred to. These may be greatly varied in construction; but I have shown a simple andconvenient form in illustration of the arrangement preferred. The cut-out consists of two electro-ma-gnets, G 11, an intermediate pivoted lever or armature, K,

the whole case may be suspended, alter the and a contact-stop, L. The switch or normal I circuit-breaker is operated by a key, M, or aspindle, on, extending through the side of the case. This switch should be capable of clos ing one circuit or breaking another, and for this purpose I combine with the spindle m a metal block, a, on guides 0, and which is ca pable of a movement in line with the spindle only. A spring or springs, as p, force the block it toward the key M, and projections or rollers 25 on the spindle bearing on a double cam, q, extending from the block, are used for depressing the same. When depressed, the block makes contact with two springs, p p. WVhen raised, it leaves these springs and con neots two others, 8 8.

To the under side of the block E is secured a nut, O, or any other device by means oi" which a lamp or a lamp socket or base may i beattached to the block, and a pa sage is formed through the block for the lampeoir ductors to enter the casing. The cap 13 is provided with a tube, P, by means of which manner of an ordinary chandelier, or in lieu of this any other means ot'snpport or attaelr ment may be employed.

Fig. 3 is a diagram ot'the eircuit-connc :tions usedin this system. In thelamp-circuit Aarc included the coarse-wire magnet G of the out out, the lamp, and thelowcr springs or contacts ot'theswitch. Thecontrollingciicuitliiscoir nected to the sprin s as, so thatit is interrupted while thelainp is burning. The tine-wire mag net H is in a circuit formed by conductors C from the main circuit A on opposite sides of the switch-points. The rheostat or resistance-coils are connected together in series. and are in a circuit, D, around the lamp. "his circuit is closed only when the armature K is in contact with stop L.

In practice, as l have aboye stated, several lamps are included in series in a branch or cross circuit, and a switch. is placed in the circuit that is operated by an elcctro-magnet in the controlling-circuit. As these are matters not directly entering into my present invention, but described in other applications, they are not illustrated herein. The purpose of the switch here shown is to cut out the lamp when its light is not needed. In doing this itcloses one of the breaks in the controlling-circuitl5. The purpose of the cut-out is to bring the resistance into circuit on the withdrawal of the lamp. This is facilitated by the magnet H,

which comes into action as soon as the block it leaves the springs pp.

The specific construction of the devices now described and the materials from which they are made may be varied in a great many rcspects without departing from my invention.

\Vithout confining myself to the precise arrangement of devices herein set forth, or to the specified construction or design of the easing or fixture, what I claim is l. The combinatiomwith a fixture or casing having means for the attachment of an electric lamp thereto, of an artificial resistance con tained in said casing, and means for ventilating or cooling the same.

2. The combination, in and with afixture or casing having means for the attachment thereto ot'an electrical lamp, of an artificial resistance, means i'or ventilating oreooliug the same, and an automatic switch or cut-out for operating the resistance, as set forth.

:3. The combination,witha fixture or casing having means for the attachment thereto of an incmulescent lamp, and formed as a reflector tor the lamp, of an artificial resistance and circuitcontrolling mechanism contained within said casing, as and for the purpose specitied.

it. The combination, withafixture or casing for electric lamps, and termed as a rellector, ot' a coil equal in resistance to thatot' a lamp, and means tot-substituting the same tor a lamp, all substantially as herein described.

a casing or fixture t'or incandescent lamps containing resistanceeoils and circuitcontrolling mechanisms, and provided with yentilating-passuges, as and for the purpose specified.

(S. The combination, with the cyli ndrical portion of the fixture or casing herein described, and the. circuit-controlling devices contained therein, ol' the lower portion formed as a re lleetor, and the resistance-coilsinclosedbythe same, as and tor the purpose specified.

7. Thecombination,with the cylindrical portion of the fixture or casing herein described, and the circuit-controlling devices contained therein, ol' the lower portions formed as a reileetor, the resistancecoils incloscd by the same, these parts being constructed and arranged to permitthc circulation of air through the fixture, and tor the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this ad day of 1884:.

EDWARD *WETTON.

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